英語中的部分否定(即(jí)不(bú)完全(quán)否定)有如下一些表(biǎo)示方法:
一、 all 的(de)否定式:not all…(或:all…not)表示(shì)"並非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如:
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 並(bìng)非(fēi)人人都能當頭頭。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 並非所有的竹(zhú)子都會長得(dé)很高(gāo)。
二、 both 的否定式:not…both (或:both… not) "並非兩個……都……" 例(lì)如:
I don’t want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。
Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗(chuāng)子並不都開著。
三、 every…的否定式:"不是每……都……" 例如:
Not every book is educative. (或:Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書(shū)都有教育意義的。
Not everyone likes this book. 並非人人(rén)都喜歡(huān)這本書。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花並不是隨處可見的。
四、 always的否定式:"並非總是(並非一直)……" 例如:
He is not always so sad. 他並不(bú)是一直都這樣悲傷。
五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式:"不完全……","並非完全……" 例如:
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied. 他並不完全滿意。
I don’t agree completely. 我並不(bú)完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥當。
六、 all the time 的否定式:"並非一直(zhí)……"、"未必老是……" 例如:
A foolish man doesn’t make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯錯誤。
七、 not…and…的否定式,被否定的往往(wǎng)是and後(hòu)麵的那一部分。 例如:
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。
This film is not interesting and instructive. 這部電影有趣(qù)但無教育意義。
She cannot sing and dance. 她會唱歌但不(bú)會(huì)跳舞。
如(rú)果將and 換成or,not 對其後麵的兩部分就(jiù)全盤否定(dìng)了。
He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他(tā)講(jiǎng)的既不清(qīng)楚也不(bú)正確(què)。
如要對上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等詞作完全否定,那就分別要用與之相對應的全否定詞(cí),如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如:
All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don’t trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here.